From January 2, 2026, all users of Personal Mobility Vehicles (PMVs), including the popular e-scooters, will be required to have civil liability insurance to circulate. This measure, established by a Royal Decree, seeks to regulate a booming sector and guarantee the protection of victims in case of an accident.

Why this new regulation?

The massive use of e-scooters in cities has led to an increase in accidents, often involving pedestrians, cyclists, or drivers of other vehicles. Faced with the existing legal vacuum and the lack of protection for those affected, the government has promoted this law to equate the circulation of these vehicles with that of any other means of transport, ensuring that mechanisms exist to compensate for damages to third parties.

Who is affected by the mandate?

The regulation applies to all Personal Mobility Vehicles (PMVs). Although the e-scooter is the best known, the law also affects other devices such as unicycles or hoverboards. A PMV is defined as any vehicle with one or more wheels, with a single seat and propelled exclusively by electric motors, that can reach a maximum speed of 6 to 25 km/h.

Coverage and consequences of non-compliance

The required insurance is for civil liability, which means it covers the material and personal damages that the PMV user may cause to third parties. It does not cover the user's own damages.

Non-compliance with this obligation will have serious consequences. Riding without the mandatory insurance can lead to fines of up to 1,250 euros and, in serious cases, the immobilization of the vehicle by authorities.

Practical implications for users

E-scooter users must contact an insurance company to purchase a specific policy. The cost of these insurances is usually low, especially when compared to car or motorcycle insurance, and represents a minimal investment for significant legal and financial protection in case of an accident. This new regulation professionalizes the sector, promotes road safety, and provides peace of mind to all citizens.